（十）主动运输和胞吞胞吐-分子与细胞[高中生物必修一] (X) Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis - Molecules and Cells(主动运输的条件是什么)|科技 |分子 |物质 |Active |必修 |蛋白

（十）主动运输和胞吞胞吐-分子与细胞[高中生物必修一]

(X) Active Transport, Endocytosis, and Exocytosis - Molecules and Cells [High School Biology Compulsory 1]

李宏湖北省十堰市郧阳中学

Li Hong Yunyang High School, Shiyan City, Hubei Province

1.氨基酸通过自由扩散进入细胞。（×）

氨基酸是小分子物质，且是极性分子，一般通过主动运输的方式进入细胞，而非自由扩散。

Amino acids enter cells through free diffusion. (×)

Amino acids are small molecules but are polar. They generally enter cells via -active transport, not free diffusion .

2.载体蛋白转运物质时自身构象发生改变。（√）

载体蛋白在转运物质时，会与被转运物质结合，自身构象发生改变，从而实现物质的跨膜运输。

When carrier proteins transport substances, their own conformation changes. (√)

During transport, carrier proteins bind to the specific substance, causing a change in their own conformation to facilitate the substance's passage across the membrane .

3.主动运输转运物质时需要通道蛋白协助。（×）

主动运输转运物质时需要载体蛋白协助，而不是通道蛋白，通道蛋白一般用于协助扩散。

Active transport of substances requires the assistance of channel proteins. (×)

Active transport requires the assistance of carrier proteins, not channel proteins. Channel proteins are typically used for facilitated diffusion .

4.心肌细胞主动运输Ca2+时参与转运的载体蛋白仅与Ca2+结合。（×）

心肌细胞主动运输Ca²⁺时，载体蛋白需结合Ca²⁺并催化ATP水解，还需结合磷酸基团从而磷酸化，并非仅与Ca²⁺结合。

During the active transport of Ca²⁺in myocardial cells, the carrier protein involved only binds to Ca²⁺. (×)

During active transport of Ca²⁺(e.g., by the calcium pump), the carrier protein must bind Ca²⁺, catalyze ATP hydrolysis, and also bind a phosphate group to become phosphorylated. It does not bind only to Ca²⁺ .

5.集合管中Na+与通道蛋白结合后使其通道开放进而被重吸收。（×）

集合管中Na⁺重吸收主要通过主动运输（如钠钾泵），需载体蛋白且消耗能量，而非通过通道蛋白结合Na⁺被动运输。

In the collecting duct, Na⁺binds to channel proteins, causing the channel to open, leading to its reabsorption. (×)

Na⁺ reabsorption in the collecting duct primarily occurs through active transport(e.g., the sodium-potassium pump), which requires carrier proteins and consumes energy. It is not a passive process involving Na⁺binding to channel proteins .

6.小肠上皮细胞通过转运蛋白吸收肠腔中的氨基酸。（√）

小肠上皮细胞吸收氨基酸的方式通常为主动运输，过程中需要转运蛋白。

Intestinal epithelial cells absorb amino acids from the intestinal lumen using transport proteins. (√)

The absorption of amino acids by intestinal epithelial cells typically occurs via active transport, a process that requires transport proteins .

7.溶酶体膜上的H+载体蛋白和Cl-/H+转运蛋白都能运输H+，溶酶体内H+浓度由H+载体蛋白维持，Cl-/H+转运蛋白在H+浓度梯度驱动下，运出H+的同时把Cl-逆浓度梯度运入溶酶体。H+进入溶酶体的方式属于主动运输。（√）

Both H⁺carrier proteins and Cl⁻/H⁺transporter proteins on the lysosomal membrane can transport H⁺. The H⁺concentration inside the lysosome is maintained by H⁺carrier proteins. The Cl⁻/H⁺transporter, driven by the H⁺ concentration gradient, exports H⁺ while importing Cl⁻against its concentration gradient into the lysosome. The entry of H⁺into the lysosome is an active transport process. (√)

Cl-/H+转运蛋白在H+浓度梯度驱动下，运出H+的同时把Cl-逆浓度梯度运入溶酶体，说明H+浓度为溶酶体内较高，因此H+进入溶酶体为逆浓度运输，方式属于主动运输

The Cl⁻/H⁺transporter exports H⁺driven by its concentration gradient (implying a higher H⁺concentration inside the lysosome) while simultaneously importing Cl⁻against its gradient. Therefore, H⁺entry into the lysosome occurs againstits concentration gradient and is classified as active transport .

8.血浆中的K+进入红细胞时需要载体蛋白并消耗ATP。（√）

血浆中K+量低，红细胞内K+含量高，逆浓度梯度为主动运输，需要消耗ATP并需要载体蛋白。

The entry of K⁺from plasma into red blood cells requires carrier proteins and consumes ATP. (√)

The concentration of K⁺is lower in the plasma and higher inside red blood cells. Therefore, K⁺entry into RBCs occurs againstthe concentration gradient via active transport, which requires ATP and carrier proteins .

9.葡萄糖可通过主动运输但不能通过协助扩散进入细胞。（×）

葡萄糖进入小肠上皮细胞等为主动运输，进入哺乳动物成熟的红细胞为协助扩散。

Glucose can enter cells via active transport but cannot enter via facilitated diffusion. (×)

Glucose entry into intestinal epithelial cells is an example of active transport, while its entry into mammalian red blood cells occurs via facilitated diffusion .